![]() ![]() In a practical DAC, a filter or the finite bandwidth of the device smooths out the step response into a continuous curve. Digital sampling introduces quantization error that manifests as low- level noise added to the reconstructed signal. Other DAC methods such as those based on delta- sigma modulation) produce a pulse- density modulated output that can be similarly filtered to produce a smoothly varying signal. A conventional practical DAC converts the numbers into a piecewise constant function made up of a sequence of rectangular functions that is modeled with the zero- order hold. An ideal DAC converts the abstract numbers into a conceptual sequence of impulses that are then processed by a reconstruction filter using some form of interpolation to fill in data between the impulses. In particular, DACs are often used to convert finite- precision time series data to a continually varying physical signal. Very high speed test equipment, especially sampling oscilloscopes, may also use discrete DACs. ![]() Discrete DACs would typically be extremely high speed low resolution power hungry types, as used in military radar systems. The audio DAC is a low speed high resolution type while the video DAC is a high speed low to medium resolution type. These two applications use DACs at opposite ends of the speed/resolution trade- off. They are also used in televisions and mobile phones to convert digital video data into analog video signals which connect to the screen drivers to display monochrome or color images. DACs are commonly used in music players to convert digital data streams into analog audio signals. Digital- to- analog conversion can degrade a signal, so a DAC should be specified that has insignificant errors in terms of the application. There are several DAC architectures the suitability of a DAC for a particular application is determined by six main parameters: physical size, power consumption, resolution, maximum sampling frequency, accuracy and cost. An analog- to- digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. In electronics, a digital- to- analog converter (DAC, D/A, D. Digital- to- analog converter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ![]()
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